{"id":213,"date":"2013-05-20T10:41:08","date_gmt":"2013-05-20T10:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.survio.com\/?p=213"},"modified":"2021-10-04T10:52:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T10:52:22","slug":"quantitative-research-survey-sample-selection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/quantitative-research-3-choose-a-sample","title":{"rendered":"Quantitative Research 3 &#8211; How Do You Choose a Sample? What Question Types Exist?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Welcome to our article about the best way to pick the people to whom you\u2019ll be posing survey questions. We\u2019ll acquaint you with the methods for selecting population samples, and then familiarize you with the basic survey types.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2><b>Why Is Sample Selection So Important?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sample selection is indispensable for the research process, because a badly chosen sample of respondents can complicate or completely invalidate the problem you\u2019re investigating. If you\u2019re seeking answers to specific questions concerning certain areas, you should always study a group of people connected with those areas.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"block block-example\">\n<p><em><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you ask a child about internet banking, you definitely won\u2019t obtain relevant information.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main prerequisite for successful research is to correctly define the target group of respondents, who will then offer you relevant information. Without this step, your research cannot be considered adequate.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2><b>Sample Selection Methods<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s take a closer look at the universally recognized sample selection methods:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-504\" title=\"selection methods\" src=\"\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Vyber-vzorku.png\" alt=\"selection methods\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" \/><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simple random selection<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Systematic random selection<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stratified random selection<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multi-step cluster selection<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Simple Random Selection<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A fine choice when studying general problems. The respondents are selected randomly, with no rules. Simple random selection can be compared to \u201c<strong>drawing lots<\/strong>\u201d; every respondent has the same chance of being picked.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All characteristics of a population can be covered easily using this method. But its results have to be taken as general.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"block block-example\">\n<p><strong><em>Example:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A library director is interested in how men and women of various age categories assess the library\u2019s services. So she has questionnaires left on the library desks, and visitors can answer them. The questionnaire determines age, gender, and level of satisfaction with library services.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this example, every library user has the same chance of filling out the questionnaire. All of the prerequisites for acquiring responses from various age groups and genders are met.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2><b>Systematic Random Selection<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method is set up for selecting every<strong> nth<\/strong> person. For example, every tenth person.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is a typical method for companies and organizations that have a database of potential respondents (lists of registered users of a particular service, customer lists, in-house databases of contacts). Every nth person is selected from these potential respondents, and is sent a questionnaire for completion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method is effective, but 100% coverage of the whole population sample is not guaranteed here.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"block block-example\">\n<p><em><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A web portal offering an email service sends every fiftieth email address a questionnaire examining the email box\u2019s functionality.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<h2><b>Stratified Random Selection<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this method, one creates a tightly focused group\u2014a stratum\u2014into which individuals with traits of interest are placed. For example, a group made up of men up to 18 years old. Individuals are then randomly selected from this group and surveyed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"block block-example\">\n<p><em><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Male customers age 18 and under are picked out of a database of a commercial portal\u2019s registered users. A portion of the individuals in this group is randomly picked and sent a questionnaire about their satisfaction with the purchasing process.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This sample selection method can be used for easily selecting a desired target group with particular characteristics that you need to study. This method is good to use when you are focusing on a specific research area and a specific target group.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2><b>Multi-step Cluster Selection<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is similar to stratified random selection, but not as narrowly focused. Instead of creating strata, you create natural groupings of people (clusters*). Survey respondents are usually then randomly picked from these clusters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One example would be the selection of theater attendees in a certain city:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-228\" title=\"Survey sampling\" src=\"\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Screen-Shot-2013-05-20-at-15.40.02.png\" alt=\"Survey sampling diagram\" height=\"300\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-227\" title=\"Survey sampling\" src=\"\/en\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/05\/Screen-Shot-2013-05-20-at-15.42.38.png\" alt=\"Survey sampling diagram\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n\n<h2><b>Questionnaire Survey Types<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The most common types of questionnaire-based surveys are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>Paper questionnaires<\/li>\n \t<li><a title=\"Online questionnaires\" href=\"\/\/www.survio.com\/en\/online-surveys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Online questionnaires<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telephone questionnaires<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Questionnaires completed together with questioner<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Questionnaires distributed by post<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re not sure how to handle <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.survio.com\/en\/online-surveys\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">questionnaire surveys<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, consider what questionnaire response rate* you may get. Paper and online questionnaires are the types used the most today, as they demand the least time and money.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the next piece in this series, we move on from general quantitative research to the subject of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.survio.com\/en\/features\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">writing questionnaires easily<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and correctly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Previous articles in this series: <\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"\/\/www.survio.com\/en\/blog\/quantitative-research-2-formulating-a-research-problem\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quantitative Research 2 \u2013 Formulating a Research Problem<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"\/\/www.survio.com\/en\/blog\/quantitative-research-1-introduction\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quantitative Research 1\u2014Introduction<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have any questions, suggestions, or remarks (on this series or otherwise), please don\u2019t hesitate to contact us via\u00a0<\/span><strong><a title=\"Survio Official Facebook Page\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/theSurvio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Facebook<\/a>, <a title=\"Follow Survio on Twitter\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/theSurvio\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Twitter<\/a>, <a title=\"Survio Official G+ Page\" href=\"https:\/\/plus.google.com\/114927814960731012065\/posts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">G+<\/a> or\u00a0<a title=\"Contact us\" href=\"https:\/\/www.survio.com\/en\/contact\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">e-mail<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"block block-keywords\">\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Response rate <\/strong>&#8211;<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>the extent to which questionnaires are filled out and returned<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Respondent <\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0a research participant who responds to questions<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Strata <\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0tightly focused groups of individuals<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Clusters <\/strong>&#8211;<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>natural groupings of people<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"post-excerpt\">Welcome to our article about the best way to pick the people to whom you\u2019ll be posing survey questions. We\u2019ll acquaint you with the methods for selecting population samples, and then familiarize you with the&hellip;<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4089,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to-create-a-survey","tag-quantitative-research"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3852,"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions\/3852"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog-en.survio.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}