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Circular Business Models in the Metal Sector
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
1
Company background
Select one answer
Fewer than 50 employees
50–249 employees
250–999 employees
1000+ employees
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
2
Primary business activity
Select one or more answers
Primary metal production
Secondary metal production / recycling
Metal component manufacturing / fabrication
Engineering / Design services
Other (please specify)
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
3
Main metal types handled
Select one or more answers
Ferrous (steel, iron)
Non-ferrous (aluminium, copper, etc.)
Mixed metals
Other (please specify)
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
4
Geographical region of operations
Select one or more answers
Europe
North America
Asia-Pacific
Middle East / Africa
South America
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
5
Company involvement in circular economy activities
Select one answer
Actively implementing circular models
Planning to implement within 2 to 3 years
Exploring the topic
No plans at this stage
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
6
Role/Department
What best describes your primary function
Sustainability / ESG / Environmental Affairs
Supply Chain / Procurement
Operations / Production / Plant Management
Commercial
Strategy / Advisory
Finance / Accounting
Information Technology / Digital Systems
Other (please specify)
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
7
Experience: How many years have you worked in your current industry?
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Less than 5 years
5–10 years
11–20 years
More than 20 years
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
8
Familiarity with Circular Economy: How familiar are you with circular economy concepts and terminology?
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Not at all familiar
Slightly familiar
Moderately familiar
Very familiar
Extremely familiar
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
9
Decision Frequency: How often does your role involve decisions about resource efficiency or waste/materials management?
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Never
Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
10
Involvement in Circular Economy Initiatives: How involved are you personally in your company’s sustainability or circular economy projects?
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Not involved at all
Slightly involved
Moderately involved
Very involved
Highly involved
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
11
Enablers: Leadership Commitment
Strong top-management commitment to sustainability and decarbonization goals facilitates CE initiatives
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
12
Enabler: Cross-Functional Collaboration:
Collaboration among departments (e.g. ESG, supply chain, operations, IT) and with external partners (suppliers, customers, other industries) enables closed-loop resource flows
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
13
Enabler: Financial Resources
Access to capital and budget for pilot projects or investments (e.g. recycling equipment, R&D) supports CE projects
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
14
Enabler: Digital Tools & Data
Use of digital tools/systems (e.g. resource-tracking software, IoT sensors, digital product passports) improves resource traceability and supports CE implementation
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
15
Enabler: Advanced Recycling Technology
Investment in advanced recycling or processing technologies (e.g. robotics, AI sorting) increases the efficiency and quality of material recovery
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
16
Enabler: Employee Training
Training and awareness programs on circular practices (e.g. material reuse, remanufacturing) empower staff to implement CE solutions
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
17
Enabler: Regulatory & Policy Support
Governmental policies, regulations or incentives (e.g. tax breaks, credits for recycling etc,) encourage the adoption of circular practices
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
18
Enabler: Market Demand
Demand for recycled or remanufactured products (vs. virgin materials) motivates CE initiatives
Not at all important
Slightly important
Moderately important
Very important
Extremely important
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
19
Barrier: Financial Constraints
High upfront costs and uncertain return on investment (ROI) for circular projects make them hard to justify
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
20
Barrier: Technical Limitations
Lack of specialized equipment, recycling infrastructure or technology to recover and process materials (e.g. advanced sorting)
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
21
Barrier: Management Support
Insufficient commitment or clear targets from senior leadership for circular initiatives (CE not prioritized)
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
22
Barrier: Workforce Knowledge and Cultural Resistance
Limited employee awareness, skills or training related to circular practices and resource recovery. Organizational inertia or a “linear mindset” (habitual disposal-use habits, fear of change)
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
23
Barrier: Supply Chain Issues
Fragmented or non-collaborative supply chains (e.g. suppliers/customers not aligned on material take-back or recycled-content goals)
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
24
Barrier: Regulatory Uncertainty
Lack of clear regulations, standards or incentives for circular practices (e.g. no mandates for recycled content)
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
25
Barrier: End-User Price Sensitivity
Customers or downstream partners are unwilling to pay a premium for circular or recycled products, limiting business case viability
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
26
Barrier: Data Gaps and Measurement Challenges in the industry value chain
Lack of reliable data or performance metrics to track circular economy progress or resource flows
Not a barrier at all
Minor barrier
Moderate barrier
Major barrier
Very significant barrier
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
27
Open Feedback – Barriers
In your own words, what do you see as the single greatest barrier to implementing circular economy practices at your company/industry?
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
28
Open Feedback – Enablers
What changes or resources would most help your company/industry advance circular economy initiatives? (For example, policy changes, new technologies, training, partnerships, etc.)
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
29
Strategic Alignment
How strongly do you agree with the following statement? “Circular economy initiatives are effectively integrated with my industry’s decarbonization and ESG strategies.”
Strongly disagree
Somewhat disagree
Neutral
Somewhat agree
Strongly agree
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
30
Overall Progress
Overall, how would you characterize your company’s progress in transitioning to a circular economy?
We have no CE initiatives to date
We have pilot projects but are in early stages
We have multiple programs and growing commitment
We are advanced and routinely use CE practices
Unsure / Prefer not to say
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Circular Economy Questionnaire
31
Additional Comments
Any other comments or suggestions regarding circular economy in your organization or industry in general?
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