Eligibility:
- Age between 18 and 55 years
- Currently experiencing musculoskeletal pain appropriate for osteopathic treatment
- No known reasons against receiving/contraindications for HVTs (see below for details)
- Able to consent to treatment and participate in the study
Contraindications for HVT treatment:
- Recent fractures or severe trauma
- Osteoporosis, arthritis or any inflammatory joint diseases
- Active infections (inc. Tuberculosis etc.)
- Significant neurological deficit (inc. Cauda equina, severe disc herniation etc.)
- Blood clotting and vascular disorders (inc. aneurysm, vertebral artery insufficiency etc.)
- Spinal cancers
- Hypermobility or connective tissue disorders
There may be more contraindications to receiving HVTs, these can/will be discussed prior to treatment