Lappeenranta

Replicating modular NBS, especially green roofs and rain gardens in public school areas and urban courtyards.

Digital modeling tools for simulating stormwater behavior to improve flood-risk management.

A localized version of the citizen app to report flooding or blocked drains directly to municipal services.

Open environmental dashboards to share real-time data on rainfall and green infrastructure.

Multifunctional green parks that combine retention with recreational spaces for underused public areas.

Integration of NBS into environmental education to strengthen awareness and engagement.

Unclear land ownership and the lack of coordination between public authorities and private actors.

No targeted subsidies or national programs supporting small-scale nature-based retention systems.

The permitting process for experimental approaches (like constructed wetland) is too complex.

Lack of the capacity and expertise to implement and maintain decentralized infrastructure in small municipalities.

Skepticism from engineers and politicians who still favor traditional grey infrastructure solutions.

The public does not perceive climate risks as urgent, which weakens support for nature-based measures.

Financial incentives - cost-sharing programs or subsidies would be a strong motivator for private landowners.

Easy-to-understand design guides for rain gardens or permeable driveways would make NBS more accessible.

More demonstration projects on private plots to show that these measures are feasible and beneficial.

Private landowners should be actively involved in local planning meetings or adaptation roundtables from the beginning.

A voluntary certification or labeling program could help recognize and reward climate-conscious property owners.

Forming neighborhood NBS cooperatives to share responsibility and knowledge among residents.

Data on how much stormwater is actually being retained and infiltrated during peak rainfall events.

Microclimate indicators such as temperature reduction around green surfaces for heatwave planning.

Biodiversity indicators like pollinator presence or native plant survival help to track ecological performance.

Cost tracking over time to compare maintenance and performance of NBS vs. traditional solutions to support decision-making.

Usage data and citizen feedback, especially in public NBS-enhanced spaces, to show the social impact of these measures.

Include social equity metrics to ensure NBS benefits are reaching vulnerable or underserved areas.